考虑地形起伏和障碍体破裂的汶川地震强地面运动数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵由佳  张国宏  单新建  尹昊  屈春燕 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):1853-1862

2008年5月12日四川汶川地区发生M_W7.9地震，震中位置103.4°E，31.06°N.这次地震造成了以汶川、映秀为中心及其周边地域建筑物的严重破坏和人员的重大伤亡，且因为高山等地形复杂区域抢险救灾的艰巨性，为及时救援造成很大干扰.为更好理解地形因素对于强地面数值模拟结果的影响，建立了包含地形起伏影响及去除地形影响的两类模型.同时，依据震源破裂过程运动学反演结果，建立了包含障碍体破裂过程的震源滑动模型，实现断层分段、空间倾角以及滑移角的动态设定.基于动力学的地震动模拟方法，通过对地震波传播过程的数值计算和后处理分析，模拟由地震激发的区域强地面运动过程.结果显示：（1）强震动台站的断层距对地形效应具有放大或抑制作用，距离断层破裂带越近，地形效应越明显，反之，距离越远，则地形效应越微弱；（2）因为地形高差与障碍体的影响，地震造成的峰值可能出现在震中区域之外；（3）考虑地形影响模型的地表峰值速度（PGV）区域位于汶川与北川附近；而未考虑地形影响模型的PGV区域位于灌县—江油断层的后半段，处清平、安县附近；对汶川地震近实时强地面运动波场的模拟、峰值图谱的圈定及未来大地震强地面运动特征的预测都有重要指示意义.  相似文献   

汶川地震前的b值变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

史海霞  孟令媛  张雪梅  常莹  杨振涛  谢蔚云  服部克巳  韩鹏 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):1874-1882

Gutenberg-Richter定理给出了地震频度随震级的分布特征.大量研究表明频度-震级关系的斜率（b值）在大地震孕育的过程中会出现减小.为了考察b值在汶川地震孕育过程中的时间演化特征，本文尝试基于破裂断层选取研究区域，考察了2000年1月至2008年4月间，汶川地震（M_S8.0）破裂区的地震活动性，并对该区域b值的变化进行了探讨.结果表明，在2005年中至2006年底，地震月频度及季度频度有一个较明显的下降.b值从2002年始至地震前呈现出一个长期趋势性减小；在地震前约半年，出现快速、显著的下降.b值的这一时间变化特征与其他研究者报道的日本东北M_W9.0级地震前的b值变化特征具有很高相似性，可能反映了大地震准备过程中的应力变化.以上结果有益于认识和理解大地震孕育演化过程，同时也表明b值在中长期地震灾害评估中具有潜在价值.  相似文献   

LATE QUATERNARY PALEOEARTHQUAKES ON THE MIDDLE SEGMENT OF THE LIJIANG-XIAOJINHE FAULT,SOUTHEASTERN TIBET     

DING Rui  REN Jun-jie  ZHANG Shi-min  L&#  Yan-wu  LIU Han-yong 《地震地质》2018,40(3):622-640

More attention has been paid to the late Quaternary activity of the boundary fault of the Sichuan-Yunnan block in eastern Tibet. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe Fault (LXF) locates along the boundary of the northwest Sichuan and central Yunnan sub-blocks in the Sichuan-Yunnan block. Clear displaced landforms show that the fault has undergone strong late-Quaternary activity. However there is no surface-rupturing earthquake occurring on the LXF in the historical record. The LXF crosses the city of Lijiang, one of the most important tourist cities in Southwest China. The rupture behavior on this fault remains unclear and it is hard to assess its seismic hazard in the future. In this study, on the base of the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, we chose the middle segment of the LXF and dug three trenches at Muzhuda, Hongxing, and Gantangzi sites to constrain the ages of paleoearthquakes combined with radiocarbon dating and OxCal modeling. The Muzhuda trench shows that at least three events occurred on the middle segment of the LXF at 7 940~6 540a BP, 4 740~4 050a BP and 1 830~420a BP, respectively. The Hongxing trench indicates that the LXF underwent two events at 5 120~3 200a BP and 2 100~1 220a BP. The Gantangzi trench reveals at least three paleoearthquakes at 44 980~17 660a BP, 7 210~3 810a BP and 2 540~1 540a BP, respectively. The events in the Gantangzi trench might be incomplete because of stratigraphic gap. These three trenches indicate that three events occurred on the middle segment of the LXF in the Holocene at 7 940~7 210a BP, 4 740~4 050a BP and 1 830~1 540a BP, respectively. Large earthquakes on the middle segment of the LXF appear to fit the quasi-periodic model with the mean recurrence interval of~3 000a and the estimated magnitude 7.5. Given the strong late-Quaternary activity of the middle segment of the LXF and a long elapsed time, we propose that the middle segment of the LXF might have a high seismic hazard potential in the near future.  相似文献   

Focal Mechanism and Focal Depth of the May 22, 2016 MS4.6 Earthquake in Chaoyang, Liaoning     

Zhao Xing  Zhang Fan  Han Xiaoming  Wang Shubo  Wei Jianmin 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):100-112

An earthquake with M_S4.6 occurred at 17:08 p.m., May 22, 2016 in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. We used the P-wave first motion method, TDMT method, and CAP method to determine the focal mechanisms and the PTD method and sPn-Pn method to determine the focal depth. The focal mechanism results of the three methods are consistent. The depth results of the CAP method, PTD method and sPn-Pn method are close. We used the double difference location method to relocate earthquakes in 2009-2016, and obtained the strikes and dip angles of the small earthquake distributions with the help of simulated annealing algorithm and gauss Newton algorithm fitting. According to the focal mechanism results, the depth results, the characteristics of small earthquake distributions and the structural characteristics of the source area, the seismogenic fault strike is NEE and the main pressure force direction is NNW. The earthquake focal mechanism is for a normal fault type with a little left-lateral strike slip motion.  相似文献   

Current Vertical Motion Analysis of Northwestern Margin of Ordos Based on Precise Leveling     

Guo Baozhen  Ta L  Zhou Haitao  Su Guangli 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):113-118

Ordos block was squeezed by the Qinghai-Tibetan block and North China block, and the tectonic activity was intense. In the periphery of Ordos block, there was a series of folds zones and compressed faults with complicate structures. This paper used three-phase data of 1980,1990 and 2014 to calculate vertical velocity of Northwestern margin of Ordos and the analytical results indicated that ① the Hetao basin between the rise of Yinshan fault block and Ordos fault block showed relatively subsidence, in which Linhe basin was the most evident and the subsidence rate was about 2-4mm/a. The subsidence rate of Jartai -Yinchuan rift zone on the western margin of Ordos block was about 2mm/a; ② the whole testing zone exhibited the evident inherited movement characterized by mountain rise and basin subsidence; ③the two leveling section through the northern margin fault and Dengkou-Benjing fault showed that the difference between vertical velocities on two sides of the fault was less than 0.5mm/a.  相似文献   

The NE Directed Seismicity Belt in Tibet after the MS8.1 Nepal Earthquake and Its Predictive Significance     

Wang Shuangxu  Zhu Liangyu  Xu Jing  Ji Lingyun  Jiang Fengyun 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):119-129

After the 2015 M_S8.1 Nepal earthquake, a strong and moderate seismicity belt has formed in Tibet gradually spreading along the northeast direction. In this paper, we attempt to summarize the features and investigate the primary mechanism of this behavior of seismic activity, using a 2-D finite element numerical model with tectonic dynamic settings and GPS horizontal displacements as the constraints. In addition, compared with the NE-trending seismicity belt triggered by the 1996 Xiatongmoin earthquake, we discuss the future earthquake hazard in and around Tibet. Our results show that:the NE-directed seismicity belt is the response of enhanced loading on the anisotropic Qinghai-Tibetan plateau from the Indian plate and earthquake thrusting. Also, this possibly implies that a forthcoming strong earthquake may fill in the gaps in the NE-directed seismicity belt or enhance the seismic hazard in the eastern (the north-south seismic zone) and western (Tianshan tectonic region) parts near the NE-directed belt.  相似文献   

Intermediate to Long-term Estimation of Strong Earthquake Risk Areas in the Chinese Mainland Based on Geodesic Measurements     

Zhang Jing  Zhu Yiqing  Wu Yanqiang  Zhang Xi  Yang Guohua 《中国地震研究》2018,32(2):153-172

Based on previous research results, present-day crustal deformation and gravity fields in the Chinese mainland are analyzed using the GPS data, leveling, gravity and cross-fault deformations. We analyzed strain accumulation of the major faults, and identified locked or high strain accumulation segments. Combining the effects of large earthquakes in the study area, the long-term (decade) probability of large earthquakes in the Chinese mainland is estimated.  相似文献   

河南新郑—太康断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李源  马兴全  夏修军  谢恒义  王志铄  赵显刚 《地震》2018,38(3):49-57

土壤气浓度测量能够揭示断裂位置和活动特征。 由于河南新郑—太康断裂北西向隐伏断裂带空间定位精度有待提高, 以及2016年5月该区出现地下逸出气异常的宏观现象, 在太康县西近垂直于断裂走向布设了一条长约13 km的NE—NNE走向的地球化学观测剖面, 用于分析隐伏断层浅层位置及其与地下逸出气宏观异常的关系。 观测结果表明: 该剖面的异常段与该区浅层地震勘探显示的断裂带地表出露位置相吻合, 其中Rn体积活度和H₂、 CO₂浓度异常揭示出南段有4条断层, 北段有2条断层, 且均具有高角度特征, 南段的CO₂浓度异常区与地下逸出气宏观异常位置相符, 但代表构造特征的Rn体积活度和H₂浓度没有出现异常, 认为与构造关系不密切。  相似文献   

基于交错网格有限差分法的断面波叠前时间偏移成像影响因素正演分析          下载免费PDF全文

徐嘉亮  周东红  王玉英  边立恩  吕振宇 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):733-741

断层和断裂带的有效识别是地震资料解释中的重要环节，断层在地震信号响应中以断面波的形式体现，因此断面波成像的质量关系到断层的精细识别与刻画.本文利用精度较高的交错网格有限差分正演模拟方法对断面波成像的影响因素进行了正演研究，主要正演分析的参数包括采集因素中的电缆长度和采集方向，地质因素中的断层倾角、断距、反射系数，以及处理因素中的偏移方法等几个方面.通过正演论证得出：采用合理的采集参数能够提高断面波的照明度；有效结合地质因素能够提高断面波的解释精度；利用合理的偏移方法能够使断层归位更加准确，断面波有效成像.基于以上结论，对于断面波的精确识别与刻画，应综合采集因素，处理因素及地质因素，只有这样才能提高断层的解释精度，有效减小解释误差.  相似文献   

川西高温水热活动区深部热结构的地球物理分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李午阳  张健  唐显春  天骄  王迎春  郭琦 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2926-2936

川西高温水热活动区是地热学研究的典型地区之一，该区温泉、热泉点分布广泛，这些温泉大多沿北西-南东向的金沙江断裂、德格-乡城断裂、甘孜-理塘断裂、鲜水河三条主断裂呈条带状分布.对此高温水热活动区开展地热学分析，是研究青藏高原"东构造结"深部地球动力学过程、开发利用川西高原地热资源的重要基础，具有重要的科学研究意义和实际应用价值.本文针对实测氦同位素所发现的壳幔热结构比，依据重力、航空磁法、地震资料，采用反演莫霍面、居里面深度等方法，对川西高温水热活动区的深部热结构进行了分析.同时对中高温热泉密集出露的巴塘、理塘以及康定水热活动区的典型壳幔热流构与深部背景场进行了对比研究.结果表明，地表氦同位素热流估算的深部热流结构与地球物理异常结果保持较好的对应关系.川西地区热流结构中地壳、地幔的热贡献比较接近：巴塘地区平均Q_c/Q=51.38%、理塘地区平均Q_c/Q=54.39%、康定地区平均Q_c/Q=42.42%.川西地区表现出了"温壳温幔"型的深部热结构，但温地壳背景下形成较高地表热流的原因有待进一步研究.  相似文献